Adsorption of Alkali Blue, Metanil Yellow and Neutral Red dyes Using Copper (II) Oxide particles: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

Copper (II) oxide particles (CuO-Ps) was synthesized and used for the removal of Metanil Yellow (MY), Alkali Blue (AB) and Neutral Red (NR). The influence of variables such as contact time, dosage, temperature and agitation speed for the adsorption process were investigated using Batch Adsorption Method. The synthesized particles were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy with a broad peak of 273 nm indicating the changein colour of the CuO-Ps from blue to brownish black with the formation of CuO-Ps. FTIR were carried out to determine the functional groups present at the surface of the particle with functional groups such as –OH, C=C, C-H, C≡C detected. SEM analysis of the CuO-Ps was carried out. The changes in the morphology was observed which is due to the attachment of the dye molecules at the surface of the particles. The percentage removal and optimum contact time of MY, AB and NR were obtained as 70.7% at 25 min, 84.8% at 10 mins and56.9% at 30 min respectively. Kinetics studies of all the dyes shows that adsorption process fits pseudo second order with the experimental values of qe 2.844, 4.242 and3.536 for NR, AB and MY respectively being closer to the calculated values of the qe 2.739, 4.108 and3.222 for NR, AB and MY respectively. Non linearity from Bangham’s plot shows that both film and pore diffusion played an important role in all the three adsorption processes. Negative values of ΔH andΔG revealed that the process was exothermic and feasible. Positive and Negative values for ΔS showed spontaneity of the process and decrease in randomness. Values of ΔH -6.70, -20.30 and-7.76 kJ/mol for AB, NR and MY, respectively confirmed the adsorption process as physical in nature. The results indicated that copper (II) oxide particles can be used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of MY, AB and NR from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Adsorption, CuO, FTIR, Kinetic, SEM, Thermodynamics, UV-Visible spectroscop

Pessimism Feature is Reflected in One of Thomas Hardy’s Poems “Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave?” As One of the Features of Modernism.

The study highlights pessimism as one of the features of modernism.  The study displays Thomas hardy’s poem “Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave?” The study shows how the poet reflects his pessimistic experiences in this poem. The objective of the study shows how the feature of pessimistic played a big role in modernism. The study concludes that not pessimism is the only feature reflected in this poem but also other factors like selfishness, and narcissism. Birth and death are mores of life and no one lasts in this cosmos. KEY WORDS: pessimism, death, modernism, selfishness and narcissism. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/91-03 Publication date:September 30th 202

Lakes Victoria, Kyoga and Albert: a hydrometeorological survey

The Project for the Hydrometeorological Survey of the Catchments of Lakes Victoria, Kyoga and Albert is one of the Jargest of its kind, intended to arrange for the collection of data for a comprehensive study of the water balance of the Upper Nile Basin in East Africa. With a surface area of about 69,000 sq. kms., Lake Victoria is the second largest freshwater lake in the world, (next to Lake Superior), lying astride the Equator within the countries of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. Lakes Kyoga and Albert downstream have areas of 6,300 sq. kms. and 5,300 sq. kms. respectively. The area of the catchment as a whole is approximately 378,000 sq. kms., of which about 325,000 sq., kms, are in the three East African countries, while the remainder lies in the Rwanda, Burundi and the Congo. The White Nile, fed and regulated by these lakes, flows out of Uganda into the Sudan, and thence, after being joined by the Blue Nile, into the United Arab Republic

Modelling and Control of SCARA Manipulator

AbstractNowadays manipulators are getting more complex due to the development of the motor drives and the nonlinearities of the manipulator dynamics. Due to complexity of this system, the modeling process will become more complicated especially if modeled by using mathematical representation or white box approach. Therefore Computed Aided Design (CAD) modeling approach is more suitable to be applied in this system. In this paper presents the development of the CAD model of robot arm by using SolidWorks software. Then a controller based on Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) has been designed in simulation environment by using Matlab/Simulink platform. This paper shows the advantages of the combination of MATLAB and SolidWorks. SolidWorks is able to ease the modeling process. The performance of PID controller for 4 Degree of Freedom (DOF) of SCARA (Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm) manipulator has been assessed for first 2 DOF and shown good results

On homomorphism of fuzzy multigroups

In this paper, the homomorphism of fuzzy multigroups is briefly delineated following [2] and their corresponding isomorphism theorems are considered

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen as a molecular biomarker for spermatogenesis in PTU-induced hypothyroidism of rats

The thyroid hormone has few serious effects on the testes except during the neonatal stage. There is little knowledge concerning the prolonged effect of thyroid hormone deficiency throughout the rat’s life span and its effect on spermatogenesis. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear matrix protein, which is essential for multiple cell cycle pathways. Here we used PCNA immunohistochemistry as a marker to differentiate between the testes of control and hypothyroid rats. About 20 rats were equally divided into 2 groups; the first group was the control group, while the second group was the experimental group in which rats were fed 0.05% 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 6 weeks. Immunohistochemistry, using an antibody against PCNA, showed at least 3 differences in the pattern of PCNA immunoreactivity (PCNA-ir). First, PCNA-ir was not detected in Sertoli and Leydig cells in the testes of control rats and detected in some of the hypothyroid rats. Second, in the control group more than 96% of spermatogonia were PCNA-positive cells; however, hypothyroidism caused the reduction to approximately 25% PCNA staining in spermatogonia. The third difference was in the abnormal distribution of spermatogonia seen in the hypothyroid rat testis, not in the control one. These results suggest that prepubertal hypothyroidism affects the proliferation of spermatogenic cells leading to impaired spermatogenesis and that PCNA index is a useful marker for assessing germ cell kinetics and spermatogenesis in prepubertal hypothyroidism

Implication of Financial Crimes and Corruption on Manufacturing Firms in Osun State, Nigeria

This research work examines the implication of financial crimes and corruption on manufacturing firms with the objective to find a means to minimize or possibly to eliminate the menace of financial crimes and corruption in an organisation and to identifies the consequences or implications of financial crimes and corruptions on manufacturing firm. The sample comprises seventy (70) employees who were randomly selected from different six categories of manufacturing firms in Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected from both primary and secondary source while the descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data collected with aid of (ANOVA) Analysis of Variance tool to test hypotheses. The results showed that the financial crimes and corruption has significance implication on manufacturing firms and organisations have preventive measures to curb or minimize the incidence of financial crime and corruption. The implications are the needed revenue for development of the firm have drained away and it damage critical management of organisation and scare away both foreign and domestic investors if there are no preventive measure put in place. It was recommended that the executives should ensure that the cases of financial crimes and corruption are reported to EFCC and ICPC and to installed and maintained effective internal control system, policies and operations. Keywords: Financial crime, corruption, money laundry, manufacturing firms, implications.

Biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from dye wastewater at Marina, Sokoto metropolis

This study was carried out to determine the biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from dye wastewater at Marina Area, Sokoto. Three (3) of the bacteria were identified; Bacillus subtilis, Luteimonasaestuarrii and Bacillus cereus and were used for further studies based on their degradation ability of green, red, yellow and blue dyes. Bacillus subtilis, Luteimonas aestuarii and Bacillus cereus have the potential to degrade all the four dyes used during the present investigation. However, efficacy of the various bacterial strains was found to vary at different concentration levels in degradation of a particular dye. Thus, by this study it can be concluded that Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Luteimonas aestuarii can be used as a good microbial source for dye waste water treatment. The selected bacterial species represent a promising tool for application in biodegradation of dye waste water and the potential observed would allow for the application of the bacterial isolates for treatment of dye effluents before disposal. Keywords: effluents, isolates, biodegradation, dye and bacterial